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📝 Revision Notes
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International Achievement
IMO 2025 Success in Hungary
At the International Mathematical Olympiad 2025 hosted in Hungary, India achieved 7th rank globally out of 110 countries, winning 3 golds, 2 silvers, and 1 bronze with a national record score of 193/252, showcasing exceptional mathematical excellence.
Constitutional Provisions
Article 91 and Rajya Sabha Presiding
After Vice President Jagdeep Dhankhar resigned on July 21, 2025, Article 91 authorized Deputy Chairperson Harivansh to temporarily preside over Rajya Sabha, ensuring continuity during the constitutional vacancy period.
Electoral Process
Vice Presidential Election Timeline
Under Articles 63-71 and the Vice-President (Election) Rules, 1974, the election for Vice President must be held within 60 days of vacancy, ensuring timely filling of this important constitutional office and maintaining institutional continuity.
Agricultural Consolidation
PMDDKY Scheme Integration
PM Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDDKY) introduced in Union Budget 2025-26 consolidates 36 existing schemes across 11 ministries into a unified, district-centric, data-driven framework to enhance agricultural productivity and farmer incomes through better coordination.
Infrastructure Investment
Bihar’s Viksit Bharat Projects
PM Narendra Modi launched projects worth ₹7,200 crore in Motihari, Bihar under Viksit Bharat Mission to improve connectivity, housing, and urban renewal, significantly boosting the state’s infrastructure development and economic growth prospects.
Diplomatic Engagement
PM Modi’s UK-Maldives Visit
PM Modi’s two-nation visit to the UK and Maldives (July 23-26, 2025) includes bilateral talks with British PM Keir Starmer and a meeting with King Charles III, strengthening India’s strategic partnerships in Europe and the Indian Ocean region.
Foreign Policy
India’s Strategic Autonomy at UN
India recorded 44% abstentions at the UN in 2025, the highest so far, reflecting its approach of strategic autonomy in a polarized global order. This allows India to maintain independence while balancing relationships with multiple power blocs.
Banking Regulation
NSDL Payments Bank Scheduled Status
NSDL Payments Bank Limited has been included in the Second Schedule of the RBI Act, 1934, granting it scheduled bank status and access to RBI facilities, enabling enhanced banking services and strengthening India’s payments banking ecosystem.
Space Ambitions
ISRO’s Space Station Target
ISRO has set ambitious targets of building an Indian space station by 2035 and conducting a human moon mission by 2040, underlining India’s growing capabilities in human spaceflight, orbital infrastructure, and deep space exploration.
Renewable Energy
NTPC-NLC Equity Infusion
The government approved a ₹27,000 crore equity infusion into NTPC Ltd and NLC India Ltd to accelerate India’s renewable energy deployment and achieve clean energy targets, supporting the transition to sustainable power generation and climate commitments.
🎴 Revision Flashcards
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Where was IMO 2025 hosted and what rank did India achieve?
Hungary, 7th rank out of 110 countries
3 gold, 2 silver, 1 bronze; score 193/252
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Which Article empowers Deputy Chairperson to preside over Rajya Sabha?
Article 91
Harivansh presiding after VP Dhankhar’s resignation
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Within how many days must Vice Presidential election be held?
60 days
Articles 63-71, VP Election Rules 1974
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How many schemes does PMDDKY merge?
36 schemes from 11 ministries
District-centric, data-driven framework
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Who will PM Modi meet during UK visit in July 2025?
Keir Starmer & King Charles III
UK-Maldives visit, July 23-26, 2025
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What percentage of UN votes did India abstain in 2025?
44% (highest so far)
Reflects strategic autonomy approach
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Which bank got scheduled status under RBI Act, 1934?
NSDL Payments Bank
Second Schedule inclusion, access to RBI facilities
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By when does ISRO aim to build Indian space station?
2035 (human moon mission by 2040)
Ambitious space program milestones
Think & Discuss
Strategic Autonomy Through Abstentions: Principled Neutrality or Diplomatic Paralysis?
Context from today’s quiz: India recorded 44% abstentions at the UN in 2025, the highest so far, reflecting its approach of “strategic autonomy” in a polarized global order. This pattern of frequent abstentions represents India’s effort to maintain independence in international affairs while balancing relationships with multiple power blocs—but critics question whether abstaining is genuine autonomy or avoidance of difficult choices.
🤔 Your Perspective Matters
India frames its high abstention rate as “strategic autonomy”—refusing to be pressed into Western or non-Western blocs in a multipolar world. However, abstaining nearly half the time raises questions: Is this genuine independence, allowing India to preserve relationships with all sides while pursuing national interests? Or is it a form of diplomatic fence-sitting where India avoids taking principled stands on human rights, aggression, and international law, potentially diminishing its moral authority and relevance in shaping global norms? Some argue abstentions preserve flexibility; others contend they signal India’s unwillingness to lead or take responsibility in global governance.
Does India’s 44% abstention rate at the UN demonstrate sophisticated strategic autonomy that preserves maximum diplomatic maneuverability, or does it reflect an inability to take principled positions that would establish India as a credible rule-based global leader?
Does India’s 44% abstention rate at the UN demonstrate sophisticated strategic autonomy that preserves maximum diplomatic maneuverability, or does it reflect an inability to take principled positions that would establish India as a credible rule-based global leader?
- Can a nation aspiring to permanent Security Council membership and greater global influence credibly lead while abstaining on nearly half of UN votes, or does leadership require occasionally taking sides on matters of principle regardless of diplomatic costs?
- Are there certain categories of votes—such as those concerning territorial aggression, genocide, or fundamental human rights—where abstention represents a failure of moral responsibility rather than strategic pragmatism?
- Does the “strategic autonomy through abstention” approach work only as long as India remains relatively less powerful, and would a truly powerful India need to take clearer positions to shape rather than simply navigate the international order?
We’d love to hear your thoughts! Share your perspective in the comments.
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