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📝 Revision Notes
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National Observances
National Statistics Day
Observed on 29 June annually, National Statistics Day celebrates the birth anniversary of P.C. Mahalanobis, father of Indian statistics. The 2025 theme is ’75 Years of National Sample Survey’, commemorating India’s data collection legacy.
Science & Mathematics
P.C. Mahalanobis Legacy
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (1893-1972) founded the Indian Statistical Institute in 1931. His contributions include the Mahalanobis Distance in multivariate statistics and pioneering work in sample surveys that revolutionized data collection in India.
Statistics
Mahalanobis Distance
Mahalanobis Distance is a key concept in multivariate statistics that measures distance between a point and a distribution while accounting for correlations between variables. It has wide applications in pattern recognition, classification, and outlier detection.
Institutions
Indian Statistical Institute
The Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) is headquartered in Kolkata with centers in Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, and Tezpur. Founded in 1931, it’s a premier institution for research and education in statistics and related fields.
International Days
International Day of the Tropics
Observed on 29 June, this UN-designated day celebrates tropical diversity and addresses challenges faced by tropical nations. Tropical regions cover 40% of Earth’s surface and contain 80% of global biodiversity.
Geography & Environment
Tropical Region Significance
Located between Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn, tropical regions host 80% of world’s biodiversity, 95% of mangroves, and half the global population. They face unique challenges including climate vulnerability and development pressures.
Governance
National Statistical Office
The National Statistical Office (NSO) under the Ministry of Statistics officially estimates India’s GDP and other economic indicators. It collects, compiles, and disseminates statistical information for evidence-based policymaking.
National Sample Survey
NSS 75-Year Journey
The National Sample Survey (NSS), established in 1950, completes 75 years in 2025. It conducts large-scale sample surveys on socio-economic conditions, employment, consumption, and other aspects crucial for policy formulation.
Technology Applications
Data Analytics Across Sectors
Data analytics transforms multiple sectors including sports (performance optimization), healthcare (patient outcomes), agriculture (precision farming), finance, manufacturing, and education, enabling data-driven decision-making and performance improvement.
Governance & Policy
Evidence-Based Policymaking
Reliable statistics are essential for evidence-based policymaking, enabling governments to make informed decisions based on accurate demographic, economic, and social data rather than assumptions, ensuring effective resource allocation and development planning.
🎴 Revision Flashcards
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When is National Statistics Day observed?
29 June
Marks P.C. Mahalanobis’s birth anniversary
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Who is the father of Indian statistics?
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
Founded Indian Statistical Institute in 1931
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What is Statistics Day 2025 theme?
75 Years of National Sample Survey
NSS established in 1950
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Where is Indian Statistical Institute located?
Kolkata
Also has centers in Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Tezpur
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When is International Day of the Tropics?
29 June
UN-designated day for tropical diversity
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What percentage of Earth do tropics cover?
40%
Contains 80% of global biodiversity
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Which body officially estimates India’s GDP?
National Statistical Office (NSO)
Under Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation
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In which field is Mahalanobis Distance used?
Multivariate statistics
Measures distance accounting for variable correlations
Think & Discuss
Privacy vs. Progress: Balancing Data Collection with Individual Rights
Context from today’s quiz: National Statistics Day celebrates 75 years of the National Sample Survey, which collects comprehensive socio-economic data across India for evidence-based policymaking. While the National Statistical Office’s data enables informed governance, modern data collection increasingly involves digital footprints, biometric databases, financial transactions, and personal information that raise significant privacy concerns.
🤔 Your Perspective Matters
Effective governance requires comprehensive, granular data about citizens—income, consumption patterns, health status, education, employment, and demographic trends. However, extensive data collection creates risks of surveillance, data breaches, commercial exploitation, discrimination based on statistical profiling, and erosion of individual privacy. The tension intensifies with technologies enabling real-time tracking and AI-powered analytics.
How should India balance the need for comprehensive statistical data to inform policy with citizens’ fundamental right to privacy and protection from data misuse?
How should India balance the need for comprehensive statistical data to inform policy with citizens’ fundamental right to privacy and protection from data misuse?
- Should statistical agencies be allowed to access citizens’ digital records (financial transactions, health data, location history) without explicit consent if it enables better policymaking? Where should we draw the line?
- Can anonymization and aggregation techniques adequately protect individual privacy while preserving data utility, or do modern re-identification methods make true anonymity impossible? What safeguards are sufficient?
- Given India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, should there be different privacy standards for government statistical agencies versus private companies collecting similar data? How do we prevent function creep where data collected for statistics gets used for surveillance or law enforcement?
We’d love to hear your thoughts! Share your perspective in the comments.
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