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📝 Revision Notes
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Business & Economy
India Unemployment Rate PLFS 2024
PLFS 2024 reports India’s national unemployment rate eased from 5.0% to 4.9% (15+ age group), with rural unemployment at 4.2%, indicating modest improvement. PLFS (Periodic Labour Force Survey) is the key source for labour market indicators including unemployment and participation rates.
Education
IIM Ahmedabad Dubai Campus
IIM Ahmedabad’s first international campus is planned in Dubai International Academic City, opening in September 2025. This marks a major step in global expansion for Indian management education, establishing presence in a strategic Middle Eastern hub.
Digital Governance
Inter-AIIMS Referral Portal Technology
The Inter-AIIMS Referral Portal uses facial recognition with automation to streamline referral processes, supporting smoother patient management and accommodation-related services. Digital referral systems reduce delays by standardizing and automating transfer workflows across medical institutions.
International
US-China Trade Tariff Escalation
In April 2025, the US imposed 125% tariffs on Chinese goods, representing sharp escalation in trade tensions. China responded with 84% tariffs on US products. This trade war intensification impacts global supply chains and economic relations.
Business & Economy
PMMY Loan Limit Expansion
Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) doubled the loan limit to Rs 20 lakh in April 2025, introducing the new ‘Tarun Plus’ category on the scheme’s 10th anniversary. PMMY supports micro and small enterprises through collateral-free loans.
Business & Economy
Juspay First Unicorn 2025
Juspay became India’s first unicorn of 2025, crossing unicorn valuation after raising $60 million in Series D funding. A unicorn is a privately held startup valued at $1 billion or more, representing significant investor confidence.
Business & Economy
BlackRock Adani Bond Investment
BlackRock purchased nearly one-third of Adani Group’s $750 million private bond issue, with proceeds supporting Renew Exim’s acquisition of ITD Cementation. This demonstrates continued institutional investor confidence in India’s infrastructure and renewable energy sectors.
International
Nepal Rastra Bank Acting Governor
Neelam Dhungana was appointed Acting Governor of Nepal Rastra Bank in April 2025 after Maha Prasad Adhikari’s term ended, made under the Nepal Rastra Bank Act. Acting appointments are temporary arrangements until permanent selection is finalized.
Science & Technology
Global Technology Summit 2025
The Global Technology Summit (GTS) 2025 theme is “Sambhavna (Possibilities)”, with participation of 150+ speakers from 40+ countries in New Delhi. This summit explores emerging technology trends and international cooperation in innovation.
Science & Technology
Dire Wolf De-Extinction
Colossal Biosciences revived the Dire Wolf in 2025 using CRISPR gene-editing and fossil/ancient DNA, with three pups born using gray wolf cells and dog surrogates. This represents a breakthrough in de-extinction biotechnology and genetic engineering.
🎴 Revision Flashcards
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India’s unemployment rate as per PLFS 2024?
4.9%
Down from 5.0%; rural at 4.2%
Tap to Reveal
Where is IIM Ahmedabad’s first international campus?
Dubai
Dubai International Academic City; Sept 2025
Tap to Reveal
Technology used in Inter-AIIMS Referral Portal?
Facial recognition
Automation for patient referrals
Tap to Reveal
US tariff rate on Chinese goods (April 2025)?
125%
China responded with 84% on US goods
Tap to Reveal
New PMMY loan limit (April 2025)?
Rs 20 lakh
Doubled; new Tarun Plus category; 10th anniversary
Tap to Reveal
India’s first unicorn of 2025?
Juspay
$60M Series D funding
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Who bought 1/3 of Adani’s $750M bond issue?
BlackRock
For Renew Exim’s ITD Cementation acquisition
Tap to Reveal
Which extinct species did Colossal revive?
Dire Wolf
CRISPR; 3 pups; gray wolf cells & dog surrogates
Think & Discuss
De-Extinction Technology: Scientific Progress or Ethical Overreach?
Context from today’s quiz: Colossal Biosciences revived the Dire Wolf in 2025 using CRISPR gene-editing and fossil/ancient DNA, with three pups born using gray wolf cells and dog surrogates. This represents a breakthrough in de-extinction biotechnology and genetic engineering.
🤔 Your Perspective Matters
De-extinction technology promises to resurrect extinct species through genetic engineering, potentially reversing biodiversity loss and restoring disrupted ecosystems. Proponents argue it offers conservation breakthroughs, allows us to correct past human-caused extinctions, advances genetic science with medical applications, and could restore ecosystem functions lost with keystone species. Critics contend de-extinction diverts resources from protecting currently endangered species, creates ethical questions about animal welfare (genetically engineered organisms may suffer), risks ecological disruption if resurrected species interact unpredictably with current ecosystems, and represents hubris—playing God while avoiding difficult questions about why species went extinct (habitat loss, climate change) that technology alone cannot fix.
Should we invest in de-extinction technology to resurrect extinct species, or does this represent misguided priorities that distract from protecting current biodiversity while raising profound ethical questions about genetic manipulation and ecological consequences we cannot predict?
Should we invest in de-extinction technology to resurrect extinct species, or does this represent misguided priorities that distract from protecting current biodiversity while raising profound ethical questions about genetic manipulation and ecological consequences we cannot predict?
- Does de-extinction genuinely serve conservation goals, or does it enable continued environmental destruction by offering false promise that we can simply “bring back” species after destroying their habitats, thereby reducing urgency for habitat protection and species preservation?
- What are the ethical implications of creating genetically engineered organisms that approximate extinct species but may not be true recreations—are we creating beings destined to suffer in environments they’re not truly adapted for, and who bears responsibility for their welfare?
- If de-extinction succeeds, how do we manage ecological risks when reintroducing species that have been absent for thousands of years, evolved in different climate conditions, and may disrupt current ecosystems in ways we cannot foresee—and who pays the costs if these interventions cause harm?
We’d love to hear your thoughts! Share your perspective in the comments.
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