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Environment
Ladakh’s Snow Leopard Population — World Record Density
Ladakh hosts 477 snow leopards (~68% of India’s total of 709) across 47,572 sq km (WII + NTCA + DWP study, published in PLOS ONE). Hemis National Park recorded the world’s highest snow leopard density: 2.07 individuals per 100 sq km — surpassing Tibet. Ladakh LG: Brigadier (Dr.) B.D. Mishra; Capital: Leh.
Business & Economy
SMBC–YES Bank Deal — Largest Cross-Border Banking Investment in India
SMBC (Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, Tokyo) — subsidiary of Japan’s 2nd largest banking group SMFG — acquires 20% stake in YES Bank for ₹13,483 crore — India’s largest cross-border banking investment. SBI divests 13.19% (₹8,889 cr); 7 private banks divest 6.81% (₹4,594 cr). Subject to RBI + CCI approvals. YES Bank MD & CEO: Prashant Kumar; Est: 2004.
Defence
Operation Sindoor & Operation Bunyan al-Marsus — May 2025
Operation Sindoor (India, 7 May 2025): India struck Pakistan’s Nur Khan, Murid, and Rafiqui air bases. Operation Bunyan al-Marsus (Pakistan, 10 May 2025 — Arabic: ‘wall of molten lead’): Pakistan fired Fatah-II hypersonic ballistic missile (range: 450 km, CEP <10 m) at Delhi — intercepted in Sirsa, Haryana. Full ceasefire agreed: 10 May 2025.
Business & Economy
Porter — India’s 3rd Unicorn of 2025
Porter (Bengaluru), founded in 2014 by IIT graduates Pranav Goel, Uttam Digga (CEO), and Vikas Choudhary, became India’s 3rd unicorn of 2025 (after Netradyne and Juspay) with a valuation of USD 1.1–1.2 billion. Raised USD 200 million (Series F) led by Kedaara Capital + Wellington Management. Operates in 22 cities, serves 30 lakh+ customers and 3 lakh gig workers monthly.
Governance
RGI SRS 2021 — CDR 7.5, Deadliest Covid Year
RGI’s SRS Statistical Report 2021 (under MHA): Crude Death Rate (CDR) = 7.5 per 1,000 in 2021 — deadliest Covid year. CRS showed ~2 million additional deaths. MCCD 2021: 4,13,580 Covid deaths in 2021 and 1,60,618 in 2020. Life expectancy at birth (2017–2021): 69.8 years — a decline from 2016–2020.
Sports
FIFA Women’s World Cup 2027 — Brazil, 32 Teams
Brazil selected as host of the FIFA Women’s World Cup 2027 at the 74th FIFA Congress, Bangkok. Beat Belgium/Netherlands/Germany joint bid (119 vs 78 votes). Expanded to 32 teams; dates: 24 June – 25 July 2027. Brazil is the first South American host of the FIFA Women’s World Cup. Venues include Maracanã, Mineirão, and Itaquera Arena.
Monetary Policy
FIMMDA — Incorporated 1998, Now RBI-Recognised SRO
FIMMDA (Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association) incorporated in 1998 as a voluntary market body. Members: commercial banks, PFIs, primary dealers, insurers. RBI’s SRO recognition framework (August 2024) requires not-for-profit status, minimum ₹10 crore net worth, and no single entity holding >10% of paid-up capital. Recognition grants FIMMDA enhanced regulatory authority over member conduct.
International
Bhutan — World’s First National Crypto Tourism Payment System
Bhutan launched the world’s first national cryptocurrency tourism payment system (Binance Pay + DK Bank of Bhutan). QR-code based; supports 100+ cryptocurrencies (BTC, BNB, USDC, etc.); auto-converts to Bhutanese Ngultrum (BTN) via DK Bank. Adopted by 100+ Bhutanese businesses including remote regions. Bhutan: PM Dasho Tshering Tobgay; Capital: Thimphu.
Sports
Virat Kohli Retires from Test Cricket — 30 Centuries in 123 Tests
Virat Kohli (age 36) retired from Test cricket on 12 May 2025 after 14 years. Test record: 123 Tests, 9,230 runs, 30 centuries, 31 fifties. Debut: Jamaica, 2011 vs West Indies. Will continue in ODIs and IPL (RCB). Awards: ICC Test Player of Year (2018), ICC Cricketer of Year (2017, 2018). Rohit Sharma also retired from Tests on 7 May 2025.
Governance
UP-AGREES & AI Pragya — World Bank + UP
UP-AGREES (Uttar Pradesh Agriculture Growth and Rural Enterprise Ecosystem Strengthening): ₹4,000 crore project for 21 districts in Bundelkhand & Purvanchal (WB loan: ₹2,737 cr over 6 years). AI Pragya: trains 10 lakh youths in AI and digital skills across UP. Launched by CM Yogi Adityanath and World Bank President Ajay Banga. Supports UP’s USD 1 trillion economy vision.
🎴 Revision Flashcards
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How many snow leopards does Ladakh host and what is India’s total population?
477 in Ladakh (~68% of India’s total 709)
Hemis NP: world’s highest density at 2.07/100 sq km; study published in PLOS ONE
Tap to Reveal
What makes SMBC’s YES Bank deal a milestone?
Largest cross-border investment in Indian banking — ₹13,483 crore for 20% stake
SMBC = subsidiary of SMFG (Japan’s 2nd largest banking group); SBI divests 13.19%
Tap to Reveal
Where was Pakistan’s Fatah-II missile intercepted during Operation Bunyan al-Marsus?
Sirsa, Haryana
Fatah-II: 450 km range, CEP <10 m; Operation Bunyan = 10 May 2025; ceasefire same day
Tap to Reveal
Virat Kohli’s Test career record at retirement (2025)?
123 Tests, 9,230 runs, 30 centuries, 31 fifties
Retired 12 May 2025; debut Jamaica 2011; continues in ODIs and IPL (RCB)
Tap to Reveal
Brazil won the FIFA Women’s World Cup 2027 hosting rights with how many votes?
119 votes (vs 78 for Belgium/Netherlands/Germany)
74th FIFA Congress, Bangkok; 32 teams; 24 June – 25 July 2027; first South American host
Tap to Reveal
When was FIMMDA incorporated and what is its new RBI status?
Incorporated 1998 — now an RBI-recognised SRO
SRO framework issued August 2024; min ₹10 cr net worth; no single entity >10% shareholding
Tap to Reveal
Bhutan’s crypto payment system converts to which currency and via which bank?
Bhutanese Ngultrum (BTN) via DK Bank
World’s first national crypto tourism system; Binance Pay; supports 100+ cryptocurrencies
Tap to Reveal
UP-AGREES covers how many districts and what is the World Bank’s loan amount?
21 districts — WB loan ₹2,737 crore (of ₹4,000 crore total)
Bundelkhand + Purvanchal; launched by CM Yogi + WB President Ajay Banga; AI Pragya alongside
Think & Discuss
Operation Sindoor and After: What Doctrines Should Govern India’s Military Response to Cross-Border Terrorism?
Context from today’s quiz: India’s Operation Sindoor (7 May 2025) struck Pakistani air bases, prompting Pakistan’s Operation Bunyan al-Marsus (10 May 2025) including a Fatah-II hypersonic missile targeting Delhi — intercepted in Sirsa, Haryana. A full ceasefire was agreed on 10 May 2025. The episode marks a significant escalation in the India-Pakistan security dynamic and raises foundational questions about deterrence, proportionality, and escalation management in nuclear-armed neighbourhoods.
🤔 Your Perspective Matters
India’s conventional military superiority has historically been offset by Pakistan’s nuclear deterrent. Operation Sindoor — striking air bases deep inside Pakistan — signals a potential shift in India’s strategic restraint doctrine. The interception of a hypersonic missile over Indian territory demonstrates both the capability and the limits of modern air defence.
Should India formalise a new Cold Start-style doctrine that defines clear, graduated military response thresholds for cross-border terrorism, or does strategic ambiguity remain India’s most effective deterrent?
Should India formalise a new Cold Start-style doctrine that defines clear, graduated military response thresholds for cross-border terrorism, or does strategic ambiguity remain India’s most effective deterrent?
- How does India’s demonstrated ability to intercept a hypersonic ballistic missile change the nuclear deterrence calculus in South Asia?
- What role should multilateral bodies (UN Security Council, SCO, Quad) play in preventing India-Pakistan military escalations from spiralling into broader regional conflicts?
- Given that both nations agreed to a ceasefire within 3 days of missile exchange, does rapid de-escalation suggest that the existing deterrence architecture is working — or that it barely held?
We’d love to hear your thoughts! Share your perspective in the comments.
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