ISRO Vikram 3201 & Kalpana 3201 are India’s first indigenous 32-bit space processors. Fabricated at SCL Chandigarh using 180nm CMOS. Vikram tested in PSLV-C60. Complete exam guide.
Science & Technology
NASA SPHEREx creates 3D infrared map of 300M+ galaxies. PUNCH uses 4 satellites to track solar wind & CMEs. Both launch 2025 on SpaceX Falcon 9. Complete guide for exams.
NASA Athena lander (Nova-C) by Intuitive Machines launches Feb 26, 2025 on SpaceX Falcon 9 to Moon’s South Pole. Learn CLPS initiative, Artemis program, and lunar ice exploration.
Microsoft Magma is a multimodal AI integrating visual, linguistic, and spatial intelligence. Learn Set-of-Mark, Trace-of-Mark techniques, difference from GPT-4o, and robotics applications.
Microsoft Majorana 1 uses topological qubits with digital control for lower error rates. Learn how it differs from Google/IBM superconducting chips, applications, and quantum supremacy race.
ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) in France aims for Q>10 fusion gain. India contributes 9% including cryostat. Learn Tokamak, fusion vs fission, and burning plasma.
Sunita Williams broke female spacewalk record with 62 hours 6 minutes across 9 EVAs. Indian-origin astronaut ranks 4th on NASA all-time list. Boeing Starliner issues, return March 2025.
ISRO 100th launch GSLV-F15 on Jan 29, 2025 carries NVS-02 NavIC satellite. Learn about India’s navigation system, L1/L5/S-band frequencies, 12-year lifespan, and applications.
ISRO achieved satellite docking on January 16, 2025 via SpaDeX mission. India becomes 4th country after USA, Russia, China. SDX01 & SDX02 satellites, future applications explained.
Pink fire retardant (Phos-Chek) uses ammonium polyphosphate to slow wildfires in California. Learn about composition, effectiveness, environmental concerns, and eco-friendly alternatives.