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📝 Revision Notes
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Healthcare Innovation
India’s First Tribal Genome Sequencing
Gujarat launched India’s first Tribal Genome Sequencing Project to sequence 2,000 individuals across 17 districts. Led by Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC), it aims to detect genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia, create a reference genome database, and advance personalized medicine for tribal welfare.
Renewable Energy
Bihar’s Kutir Jyoti Scheme
Bihar CM Nitish Kumar declared free electricity up to 125 units/month from August 1, 2025. The Kutir Jyoti scheme will install solar panels for poor households, targeting 10,000 MW solar capacity addition within three years to boost renewable energy and inclusive growth.
Agricultural Policy
Maharashtra’s Historic Agricultural Status
Maharashtra became the first state to grant agricultural status to poultry and livestock farming, allowing 37 million farmers access to tax relief, subsidized electricity, agricultural credit, and solar subsidies. This could add ₹7,000 crore annually to the rural economy.
International Politics
Ukraine’s New Prime Minister
Yuliia Svyrydenko, an economist and former key negotiator, became Ukraine’s Prime Minister, replacing Denys Shmyhal (now Defence Minister). Her appointment reflects President Zelenskyy’s strategy to reinforce economic stability and international partnerships during the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict.
Fintech Regulation
EximPe’s Cross-Border License
EximPe secured RBI’s in-principle Payment Aggregator–Cross Border (PA-CB) license to enable cross-border transactions for e-commerce, digital services, and B2B trade. With $3.5 million funding and 10X growth target by FY26, it strengthens India’s regulated fintech solutions for SMEs.
Urban Sanitation
Swachh Survekshan 2024-25 Results
Ahmedabad topped Swachh Survekshan 2024-25 among cities with population over 10 lakh. Indore, Surat, and Navi Mumbai achieved Super Swachh League status. The survey covered 4,589 cities, focusing on waste management, citizen engagement, and urban sustainability.
Education Innovation
IIM Kozhikode’s Gyanodaya Centre
IIM Kozhikode launched Gyanodaya, a Centre for Pedagogical Innovation and Publishing, using in-house platform Pandulipi. It promotes peer-reviewed research, indigenous knowledge systems, and aligns with Vision 2047 and NEP objectives to create a global knowledge commons.
Industrial Efficiency
ADEETIE Scheme for MSMEs
Union Minister Manohar Lal Khattar launched the ADEETIE Scheme with ₹1,000 crore budget under Ministry of Power. It focuses on technical audits, interest subvention, and energy efficiency across 60 clusters and 14 sectors, targeting 30-50% energy savings in MSMEs.
Space Science
Axiom-4 Mission Experiments
During his 18-day ISS mission, Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla conducted experiments on microalgae growth, muscle cell development (Myogenesis), methi and moong sprouting, tardigrade genetics, cyanobacteria resilience, and radiation exposure. Martian soil simulation was not included.
Global Observances
Nelson Mandela International Day 2025
Observed on July 18, the theme is “It’s still in our hands to combat poverty and inequity.” The UN encourages 67 minutes of community service, honoring Mandela’s 67 years of public service dedicated to justice, dignity, and equality for all.
🎴 Revision Flashcards
Click each card to flip and test your recall
Tap to Reveal
Which state launched India’s first Tribal Genome Sequencing Project?
Gujarat
2,000 individuals, 17 districts, led by GBRC
Tap to Reveal
What is Bihar’s solar capacity target under Kutir Jyoti scheme?
10,000 MW in 3 years
Free electricity up to 125 units/month from Aug 2025
Tap to Reveal
Which sectors got agricultural status in Maharashtra?
Poultry and Livestock Farming
37 million farmers, ₹7,000 crore potential addition
Tap to Reveal
Who is Ukraine’s new Prime Minister?
Yuliia Svyrydenko
Economist, replaced Denys Shmyhal (now Defence Minister)
Tap to Reveal
Which fintech got RBI’s PA-CB license?
EximPe
Cross-border payments, $3.5M funding, 10X growth target
Tap to Reveal
Which city topped Swachh Survekshan in 10 lakh+ category?
Ahmedabad
Survey covered 4,589 cities in 2024-25
Tap to Reveal
What is IIM Kozhikode’s new pedagogical center called?
Gyanodaya
Uses Pandulipi platform, indigenous knowledge focus
Tap to Reveal
What is the budget of ADEETIE Scheme for MSMEs?
₹1,000 crore
30-50% energy savings target, 60 clusters, 14 sectors
Think & Discuss
Tribal Genome Sequencing: Medical Breakthrough or Genetic Colonialism?
Context from today’s quiz: Gujarat launched India’s first Tribal Genome Sequencing Project to sequence 2,000 individuals across 17 districts, aiming to detect genetic disorders like sickle cell anemia and create a reference genome database. While framed as advancing personalized medicine for tribal welfare, this raises profound questions about consent, data sovereignty, and the history of medical research on marginalized populations.
🤔 Your Perspective Matters
Genetic sequencing of tribal populations promises to address health disparities by identifying genetic predispositions to diseases like sickle cell anemia. However, history shows that genetic data from indigenous populations has been exploited—used for pharmaceutical patents, bioweapons research, and even eugenics arguments. Tribal communities often lack the institutional power to control how their genetic information is used, stored, or shared, raising concerns about whether this is healthcare advancement or a new form of genetic colonialism where communities provide biological resources but rarely benefit proportionally.
Is tribal genome sequencing a necessary step toward healthcare equity and personalized medicine, or does it represent genetic data extraction from vulnerable populations who lack meaningful control over how their biological information will be used by state and corporate actors?
Is tribal genome sequencing a necessary step toward healthcare equity and personalized medicine, or does it represent genetic data extraction from vulnerable populations who lack meaningful control over how their biological information will be used by state and corporate actors?
- What constitutes truly informed consent when communities may have limited scientific literacy about genomics, and when refusal to participate might mean missing out on potential medical benefits?
- Who should own and control tribal genetic data—the state, researchers, pharmaceutical companies, or tribal communities themselves—and how can communities ensure they benefit from any commercial applications of their genetic information?
- Given the historical exploitation of indigenous populations in medical research (from the Tuskegee experiments to Henrietta Lacks), what safeguards are necessary to prevent tribal genome data from being used for purposes beyond immediate healthcare, such as insurance discrimination or unauthorized research?
We’d love to hear your thoughts! Share your perspective in the comments.
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