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📝 Revision Notes
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Technology & Innovation
India’s Hydrogen-Powered Train
India’s first hydrogen-powered train coach was tested at the Integral Coach Factory in Chennai. The project costs ₹80 crore (₹70 crore for infrastructure), with pilot runs on the Jind–Sonipat route as part of the Hydrogen for Heritage programme.
Employment & Welfare
MP’s Internship Assistance Scheme
Madhya Pradesh government provides financial assistance for unemployed youth doing internships: ₹6,000/month for women and ₹5,000/month for men. This gender-differentiated policy aims to promote women’s empowerment while boosting overall employment.
Diplomacy & Environment
Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam Initiative
PM Modi gifted a Sonoma Dove Tree sapling to King Charles III at Sandringham Estate during his UK visit. This gesture reinforced India’s ‘Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam’ environmental initiative and promoted green diplomacy.
International Relations
India-Maldives Strategic Partnership
During PM Modi’s July 2025 visit, India reduced the Maldives’ debt repayment burden by 40%. This demonstrates India’s commitment to its Neighbourhood First and MAHASAGAR doctrines amid regional competition, particularly from China.
Culture & Heritage
India-Maldives Maritime Heritage
Commemorative stamps marking 60 years of India-Maldives ties featured traditional vessels: the Indian Uru and Maldivian Vadhu Dhoni. These wooden boats symbolize the shared maritime heritage in the Indian Ocean region.
Science & Space
Dr. V. Narayanan’s Cryogenics Achievement
ISRO Chairman Dr. V. Narayanan received the GP Birla Memorial Award 2025 for his pioneering work in cryogenic technology. Cryogenics is critical for launching heavier satellites and advancing India’s space capabilities.
Education
Historic Leadership at IGNOU
Prof Uma Kanjilal became the first female Vice-Chancellor of IGNOU since its inception in 1985. This appointment marks a significant milestone for inclusive leadership in Indian higher education and open distance learning systems.
Defence
Bold Kurukshetra 2025
The Indo-Singapore military exercise held in Jodhpur focused on urban combat and counter-terrorism. The exercise enhanced interoperability using advanced weapons and simulations, aligning with India’s Act East Policy.
Sports
Joe Root’s Old Trafford Milestone
England’s Joe Root became the first batter to score over 1,000 Test runs at Old Trafford. He also moved to 2nd position in all-time Test run-scorers, behind Sachin Tendulkar with 15,921 runs.
History & Defence
Kargil War Strategic Objectives
The 1999 Kargil War was orchestrated by Gen. Pervez Musharraf to capture Siachen Glacier and internationalize the Kashmir dispute. The infiltration aimed to occupy strategic peaks and force India to negotiate on Kashmir through global intervention.
🎴 Revision Flashcards
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What is the total cost of India’s hydrogen-powered train project?
₹80 crore
₹70 crore for infrastructure alone
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How much monthly assistance does MP give to women for internships?
₹6,000/month
Men receive ₹5,000/month
Tap to Reveal
Which tree sapling did PM Modi gift to King Charles III?
Sonoma Dove Tree
Part of ‘Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam’ initiative
Tap to Reveal
By what percentage did India reduce Maldives’ debt repayment?
40%
During PM Modi’s July 2025 visit
Tap to Reveal
Which traditional boats featured on India-Maldives commemorative stamps?
Uru and Vadhu Dhoni
Marking 60 years of bilateral ties
Tap to Reveal
What technology is Dr. V. Narayanan known for?
Cryogenics
Received GP Birla Memorial Award 2025
Tap to Reveal
Who is IGNOU’s first female Vice-Chancellor?
Prof Uma Kanjilal
First since IGNOU’s inception in 1985
Tap to Reveal
How many Test runs has Joe Root scored at Old Trafford?
Over 1,000 runs
First batter to achieve this at a single venue
Think & Discuss
Green Transportation: The Future of India’s Railway System
Context from today’s quiz: India has introduced its first hydrogen-powered train coach, tested in Chennai with a pilot run on the Jind–Sonipat route. The project, costing ₹80 crore, is part of the Hydrogen for Heritage programme aimed at reducing carbon emissions from the world’s fourth-largest railway network.
🤔 Your Perspective Matters
India’s railway system carries over 8 billion passengers annually and is one of the largest carbon emitters in the transport sector. While hydrogen-powered trains promise zero emissions, they require significant infrastructure investment, face technical challenges in production and storage, and must compete with electrification alternatives that are already well-established.
Should India prioritize hydrogen-powered trains over continued railway electrification, or pursue a mixed approach? What factors should determine this choice?
Should India prioritize hydrogen-powered trains over continued railway electrification, or pursue a mixed approach? What factors should determine this choice?
- How does the cost-benefit analysis of hydrogen trains compare with traditional electrification, especially for heritage routes versus high-traffic corridors?
- What role should domestic hydrogen production capacity and green hydrogen availability play in scaling this technology?
- Could hydrogen trains serve as a strategic technology demonstrator for other sectors like trucking and shipping, or should railways focus on proven electrification?
We’d love to hear your thoughts! Share your perspective in the comments.
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