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📝 Revision Notes
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Defence & PSUs
Miniratna Category-I: MIL, AVNL, IOL – OFB Successor DPSUs
Rajnath Singh (MoD) granted Miniratna Category-I status to MIL (Munitions India Limited, Pune), AVNL (Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited, Chennai), and IOL (India Optel Limited, Dehradun). All three are among the 7 DPSUs carved out of the Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) on October 1, 2021. Status enables greater financial and operational autonomy.
Digital Governance
DIGIPIN – India’s Open-Source Grid-Based Digital Address System
DIGIPIN (Digital Postal Index Number) was developed by DoP with IIT Hyderabad and NRSC (ISRO). Assigns a unique 10-character alphanumeric code to every 4m×4m land parcel in India. Open-source, geo-coded, grid-based. Aligned with National Geospatial Policy 2022. Will transform last-mile delivery, emergency response, and e-governance address resolution.
Agriculture
Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan (VKSA-2025) – 1.5 Crore Farmers
VKSA-2025 (May 29–June 12, 2025), launched at ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar by Shivraj Singh Chouhan, targets 1.5 crore+ farmers across 700+ districts. Deploys 2,170 scientific teams of 16,000 scientists via 731 KVKs and 113 ICAR institutes. Promotes technology dissemination for agricultural productivity and income doubling.
Health
India Eliminates Trachoma – WHO Certification at WHA 78
India received WHO Certification of Elimination of Trachoma as a public health problem at WHA 78 (May 19–27, 2025, Geneva). Presented by WHO DG Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. Trachoma (caused by Chlamydia trachomatis) is the world’s leading infectious cause of blindness. WHA 78 theme: ‘One World for Health’. India previously eliminated leprosy (2005) and kala-azar (2023) as public health problems.
Technology & Startups
India AI Startups at Station F, Paris – IndiaAI Mission (₹10,300 Cr)
10 Indian AI startups selected for a 4-month programme at Station F (world’s largest startup campus, Paris) in partnership with HEC Paris. Under the IndiaAI Mission (MeitY) with total outlay of ₹10,300 crore. Station F hosts 1,000+ startups and partners with Facebook, Microsoft, and Google. Marks India’s push to establish a global AI innovation footprint.
Banking & Fintech
RBI PA-CB Approval – Worldline ePayments India & PayPal India
RBI granted in-principle approval to Worldline ePayments India (Mumbai) and PayPal India (Chennai) as PA-CB E&I (Cross-Border Export & Import Payment Aggregators) under PSS Act, 2007. RBI’s October 2024 mandate required separate PA-CB licences distinct from domestic payment aggregator licences. Enhances India’s cross-border digital payments infrastructure.
Business & Aviation
Vikram Singh Mehta – New IndiGo Chairman; Former Shell India Head
Vikram Singh Mehta (IAS 1978) appointed Chairman of IndiGo (InterGlobe Aviation), replacing Venkataramani Sumantran. Earlier served as Chairman of Shell Group of Companies in India (1994–2012, ~18 years). Also held board positions at Colgate Palmolive India, Mahindra & Mahindra, and L&T. IndiGo is India’s largest airline with ~60% domestic market share.
Biodiversity
‘Bearded Bronzeback’ Damselfly – Caliphaea sinuofurcata, Arunachal Pradesh
Caliphaea sinuofurcata (‘Bearded Bronzeback’) discovered in Upper Siang & Lower Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh. Only the 2nd species of genus Caliphaea in India — the first (Caliphaea confusa) was documented 165+ years ago. Published in Zootaxa. Named for its wavy-forked tail and black beard-like bristles. Highlights Arunachal Pradesh as a biodiversity hotspot.
Obituary & Polity
Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa (1936–2025) – SAD Leader, Returned Padma Bhushan
Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa (SAD), former Union Cabinet Minister for Sports, Chemicals & Fertilisers (Vajpayee govt, 2000–2004), passed away in May 2025. Returned his Padma Bhushan (2019, Public Affairs) in 2020 in solidarity with the Kisan Andolan (farmers’ protest) against the three farm laws. A significant political figure in Punjab, also served as Rajya Sabha MP and SAD President.
International Days
International Day of Potato (May 30) – Peru’s UNGA Resolution
Peru, the ancestral home of the potato (Solanum tuberosum), championed UNGA Resolution A/RES/78/123 (Dec 8, 2023) establishing May 30 as International Day of Potato. First observed: May 30, 2024. Theme for 2025: ‘Shaping history, feeding the future’. Potato is the world’s 4th largest food crop after wheat, rice, and maize, feeding over a billion people.
🎴 Revision Flashcards
Click each card to flip and test your recall
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Which 3 DPSUs received Miniratna Category-I status in May 2025, and what is their origin?
MIL (Pune), AVNL (Chennai), IOL (Dehradun) — all carved from OFB (Oct 1, 2021)
OFB restructured into 7 DPSUs; approved by Rajnath Singh (MoD)
Tap to Reveal
What is DIGIPIN and who developed it with DoP?
10-character alphanumeric digital address code for every 4m×4m land parcel; IIT Hyderabad + NRSC (ISRO)
Open-source, geo-coded, grid-based; aligned with National Geospatial Policy 2022
Tap to Reveal
What disease did India get WHO elimination certification for at WHA 78, and who presented it?
Trachoma (leading infectious cause of blindness); presented by WHO DG Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
WHA 78: May 19–27, 2025, Geneva; theme: ‘One World for Health’
Tap to Reveal
Where are Indian AI startups being trained under IndiaAI Mission, and what is the mission’s total outlay?
Station F, Paris (world’s largest startup campus); ₹10,300 crore total outlay
4-month programme; partner: HEC Paris; under MeitY; 10 Indian AI startups selected
Tap to Reveal
Which two companies received RBI’s PA-CB E&I in-principle approval in May 2025?
Worldline ePayments India (Mumbai) and PayPal India (Chennai)
PA-CB = Payment Aggregator Cross-Border Export & Import; under PSS Act 2007; RBI mandate: Oct 2024
Tap to Reveal
Where was ‘Bearded Bronzeback’ damselfly Caliphaea sinuofurcata discovered, and how old is the previous Indian record?
Upper Siang & Lower Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh; previous species (C. confusa) documented 165+ years ago
2nd species of genus Caliphaea in India; published in Zootaxa
Tap to Reveal
Which UNGA resolution established International Day of Potato and what is the 2025 theme?
A/RES/78/123 (Dec 8, 2023); theme: ‘Shaping history, feeding the future’
Championed by Peru (potato’s ancestral home); first observed May 30, 2024; potato = world’s 4th largest food crop
Tap to Reveal
VKSA-2025 targets how many farmers, in how many districts, with how many scientists?
1.5 crore+ farmers; 700+ districts; 16,000 scientists in 2,170 teams
May 29–Jun 12, 2025; launched at ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar; via 731 KVKs + 113 ICAR institutes
Think & Discuss
DIGIPIN and India’s Geospatial Revolution: Can a 10-Character Code Transform Governance, Commerce & Emergency Response?
Context from today’s quiz: India’s DIGIPIN system — developed by the Department of Posts with IIT Hyderabad and ISRO’s NRSC — assigns a unique 10-character alphanumeric code to every 4m×4m land parcel in India. Aligned with the National Geospatial Policy 2022, it promises to solve the last-mile addressing problem for over 600,000 villages and millions of urban addresses that lack standardised postal codes. Countries like the UK (What3words), South Korea, and Estonia have demonstrated how precise digital addressing can transform everything from e-commerce delivery to disaster response.
🤔 Your Perspective Matters
India’s addressing infrastructure remains deeply fragmented — PIN codes cover areas of hundreds of square kilometres, informal settlements have no official addresses, and emergency responders often navigate by landmarks and verbal directions. DIGIPIN’s 4m×4m grid resolution could theoretically locate an individual doorstep, a hospital bed, or a remote tribal village. But transforming a technical standard into a nationally adopted behavioural change — where millions of citizens, delivery platforms, and government departments actually use DIGIPIN codes — is an entirely different challenge.
Should India mandate DIGIPIN adoption across all government services (Aadhaar seeding, direct benefit transfers, health records, land registration) to accelerate its real-world uptake — or does mandating a single government-designed addressing system create risks of surveillance, exclusion, and dependency on state infrastructure?
Should India mandate DIGIPIN adoption across all government services (Aadhaar seeding, direct benefit transfers, health records, land registration) to accelerate its real-world uptake — or does mandating a single government-designed addressing system create risks of surveillance, exclusion, and dependency on state infrastructure?
- DIGIPIN is open-source and grid-based — how does this compare to proprietary systems like What3words or Google Plus Codes, and does openness guarantee better adoption or just slower commercialisation?
- The VKSA-2025 campaign deploys 16,000 scientists to reach 1.5 crore farmers in 700+ districts — could DIGIPIN be the connective tissue that digitises farm locations for precision agriculture, crop insurance verification, and direct subsidy delivery?
- Trachoma elimination was achieved partly through village-level health worker networks and door-to-door campaigns — could DIGIPIN-linked health addresses accelerate India’s next disease elimination target (filariasis, kala-azar) by enabling precise last-mile health delivery tracking?
We’d love to hear your thoughts! Share your perspective in the comments.
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