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📝 Revision Notes
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International
Pondicherry Heritage Festival 2025
The 11th Pondicherry Heritage Festival opened in Puducherry with “Veedhi Vilayattu” featuring traditional street games, drawing 250+ children in the Tamil Quarter. Heritage festivals highlight local culture, traditional games, and community participation, preserving cultural identity.
Digital Governance
New Pamban Rail Bridge
The newly inaugurated vertical-lift Pamban Rail Bridge is 2.08 km long, enhancing both rail and maritime movement. A vertical-lift bridge raises a span vertically to allow ships to pass, demonstrating engineering innovation in connectivity infrastructure.
Business & Economy
Tamil Nadu GI Registrations
Tamil Nadu added six new items to its GI list in 2025, now ranking second behind Uttar Pradesh (79 GI registrations). GI tags link products to specific geographic origin and associated qualities/reputation, protecting traditional knowledge and regional products.
International
Haryana Harappan Sites Protection
Mitathal and Tighrana, two Harappan sites in Haryana’s Bhiwani district, were declared protected in 2025, dating back over 4,400 years. Protected status provides enhanced legal safeguards for archaeological conservation and site security.
Business & Economy
Petrol Excise Duty Hike
After a ₹2 hike, the revised excise duty on petrol is ₹13 per litre (April 2025). Retail prices stayed unchanged as OMCs absorbed the impact. Excise duty is a tax on production that can change without immediately affecting retail prices if absorbed upstream.
Business & Economy
RRB Consolidation Target
Under “One State, One RRB”, Regional Rural Banks will be reduced from 43 to 28 for improved efficiency and stronger rural credit delivery. RRBs expand banking and credit access in rural areas, combining commercial bank resources with local rural knowledge.
Science & Technology
India’s AI Investment Ranking
India ranked 10th globally in private AI investment (2023), attracting ₹11,943 crore (US$ 1.4 billion). This indicates India’s growing tech ecosystem and investor confidence in AI companies, startups, and research initiatives.
International
Fred Darrington Award for Sand Art
Sudarsan Pattnaik received the Fred Darrington Award (2025) for a 10-ft Ganesha sand sculpture on “World Peace”, displayed at SandWorld, UK till November 2025. This recognizes India’s sand art tradition on the global cultural stage.
Gender & Development
Delhi AB-PMJAY Implementation
Delhi became the 35th state/UT to implement AB-PMJAY in 2025, with registrations beginning April 10. Ayushman Bharat-PMJAY is a public health insurance scheme supporting eligible beneficiaries with comprehensive healthcare coverage.
Sports
World Boxing Cup 2025 Venue
India’s first gold at the World Boxing Cup 2025 came at Foz Do Iguacu, Brazil, where Hitesh won gold and India secured six medals overall. This marks a significant achievement in India’s international boxing performance.
🎴 Revision Flashcards
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Where was the 11th Pondicherry Heritage Festival held?
Puducherry
Veedhi Vilayattu; 250+ children; Tamil Quarter
Tap to Reveal
Length of new Pamban Rail Bridge?
2.08 km
Vertical-lift bridge; rail and maritime movement
Tap to Reveal
Which state added 6 new GI items in 2025?
Tamil Nadu
Now 2nd behind UP (79 GIs)
Tap to Reveal
Which Harappan sites in Haryana were protected?
Mitathal and Tighrana
Bhiwani district; over 4,400 years old
Tap to Reveal
Revised excise duty on petrol after April 2025 hike?
₹13/litre
₹2 hike; retail prices unchanged (OMC absorbed)
Tap to Reveal
How many RRBs after “One State, One RRB”?
28
Reduced from 43; improved efficiency
Tap to Reveal
India’s rank in private AI investment (2023)?
10th
₹11,943 crore / US$ 1.4 billion
Tap to Reveal
Where was World Boxing Cup 2025 held?
Foz Do Iguacu, Brazil
India’s first gold; 6 medals overall
Think & Discuss
Ayushman Bharat Expansion: Universal Healthcare or Fiscal Burden?
Context from today’s quiz: Delhi became the 35th state/UT to implement AB-PMJAY in 2025, with registrations beginning April 10. Ayushman Bharat-PMJAY is a public health insurance scheme supporting eligible beneficiaries with comprehensive healthcare coverage.
🤔 Your Perspective Matters
Ayushman Bharat represents India’s ambitious push toward universal health coverage, providing insurance for over 500 million beneficiaries. Proponents argue it reduces catastrophic health expenditure, increases healthcare access for poor and vulnerable populations, drives hospital infrastructure development, and demonstrates government commitment to health equity. Critics contend the scheme faces chronic underfunding (claims exceed budgets), creates moral hazard through overutilization and unnecessary procedures, benefits private hospitals more than patients, lacks quality controls leading to poor care, and diverts resources from primary healthcare and prevention that would deliver better population health outcomes.
Is Ayushman Bharat’s insurance-based approach the right path to universal healthcare for India, or would resources be better invested in strengthening public health infrastructure, primary care systems, and preventive health programs that address root causes of disease burden?
Is Ayushman Bharat’s insurance-based approach the right path to universal healthcare for India, or would resources be better invested in strengthening public health infrastructure, primary care systems, and preventive health programs that address root causes of disease burden?
- Does evidence show that AB-PMJAY meaningfully reduces out-of-pocket health expenditure and financial catastrophe for beneficiaries, or do high deductibles, exclusions, hospital gaming, and poor awareness limit real-world impact despite impressive enrollment numbers?
- How can the scheme prevent moral hazard where hospitals over-prescribe procedures (because government pays) and patients over-utilize services (because care is “free”), leading to budget overruns without corresponding health improvements?
- Should India prioritize insurance coverage for secondary/tertiary care (as AB-PMJAY does) or invest those resources in primary healthcare centers, community health workers, and preventive programs that research suggests deliver better population health per rupee spent?
We’d love to hear your thoughts! Share your perspective in the comments.
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